<p><p><h2>Preferred Design Procedure</h2>The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has design documents that cover both of the preferred design procedures for this technology. The documents are summarized below.</p><p><table class='tablepress' id='tablepress-310'><thead><th><center>Publication Title</th><th><center>Publication
Year
</th><th><center>Publication Number</th><th><center>Available for Download</th></thead><tbody><tr><td >Prefabricated Vertical Drains</td><td ><center>1986</td><td ><center>FHWA-RD-86-168</td><td ><center>Yes<sup>1</td></tr><tr><td >Ground Modification Methods, Volume 1</td><td ><center>2016</td><td ><center>FHWA NHI-16-027</td><td ><center>Yes<sup>2</td></tr></tbody></table><br><p class="disclaimer"><sup>1</sup> <a href="http://isddc.dot.gov/OLPFiles/FHWA/009762.pdf">http://isddc.dot.gov/OLP… class="disclaimer"><sup>2</sup> <a href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi16027.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi16027.pdf</a></p><…;
<p><p><h2>References</h2>Arulrajah, A., Nikraz, H., and M.W. Bo (2004). Factors affecting field instrumentation assessment of marine clay treated with prefabricated vertical drains. <em>Geotextiles and Geomembranes,</em> vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 415-437.</p><p>Bergado , D.T., and Patawaran, M.A.B. (2000). “Recent developments of ground improvement with pvd on soft Bangkok clay.” <em>Proc. Intl. Seminar on Geotechnics in Kochi 2000</em>, Kochi, Japan, October, 2000.</p><p>Chu, J., Yan, S.W., and Yang, H. (2002a). “Closure on discussion on ‘Soil improvement by vacuum preloading for and oil storage system’.” Geotechnique, Vol. 52, No. 2, 151.</p><p>Hansbo, S. (1979). “Consolidation of Clay by Band-Shaped Prefabricated Drains.” <em>Ground Engineering</em>, 12(5), pp. 16-25.</p><p>Hansbo, S. (1986). “Preconsolidation of Soft Compressible Subsoil by the use of Prefabricated Vertical Drains.” <em>Annales des Travaux Publics de Belgique</em>. Issue 6, p. 553</p><p>Hansbo, S. (2004). “Band drains.” Chapter 1 in Moseley, M.P. and Kirsch, K. (Editors), <em>Ground Improvement</em>, 2nd Edition, Spon Press, New York, pp. 4-56.</p><p>Rixner, J.J., Kraemer, S.R. and Smith, A.D. (1986). “Prefabricated Vertical Drains.” <em>U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development and Technology, Vol. I: Engineering Guidelines, Report No. FHWA/RD-86/168</em>.</p><p>Holtz, R.D., Jamiolkowski, M.B., Lancellotta, R., and Pedroni, R. (1991). “Prefabricated Vertical Drains: Design and Performance.” <em>Construction Industry Research and Information Association</em>.</p><p>Indraratna, Sathananthan, Iyathurai, Buddhima, Rujikiatkamjorn, and Cholachat (2007). “Evaluation of Smear Zone Extent Surrounding Mandrel Driven Vertical Drains Using the Cavity Expansion Theory.” International Journal of Geomechanics, 15323641, Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 8, Issue 6</p><p>Lin, Penchi, Masud, Karim, Sriwiroj, and Chantawong (2000). “Ground Improvement Performance at Reference Section of Second Bangkok International Airport.” <em>Third Seminar on Ground Improvement in Highways</em>. Bangkok, Thailand. 16 August, 2000.</p><p>Schaefer, V.R., Berg, R.R., Collin, J.G., Christopher, B.R., DiMaggio, J.A., Filz, G.M., Bruce, D.A., and Ayala, D. (2016). “Ground Modification Methods,” Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, FHWA NHI-16-027 (Vol. I), 386p. <a href="https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi16027.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/engineering/geotech/pubs/nhi16027.pdf</a></p><…, X-S. and Jiao, J.J. (2004). “Analysis of soil consolidation by vertical drains with double porosity model.” <em>International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics</em>, 28, 1385-1400.</p><p>Welsh, J.P. (1987). “Soil improvement- A Ten Year Update.” <em>Geotechnical Special Publication No. 12</em>, ASCE, New York.</p></p>