<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Braithwaite and du Preez (1997)<br>Simpson et al. (2008)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary: </strong></p><p>Level surveys are used to measure the penetration depth associated with each compaction point. Level surveys of the penetrations at each point are recorded and are used to calculate the volumetric change (densification) of the ground within the treatment depth (Braithwaite and du Preez 1997).</p><p>Compaction point penetration depths that are deeper than about 18 inches (460 mm) indicate the near surface soil may be so loose that the energy cannot propagate sufficiently deep to improve the soil below the water table. In these areas, retreatment is necessary if deep craters are created during the compaction process.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>Surface measurements may be used to estimate volumetric strain, but the degree of densification in each layer is not determined</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>Level surveying is typically applied to every compaction point.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>Level surveys are considered to be rather time consuming (Ed O’Malley, personal communication, 2010).</p><p><strong>General Comments </strong></p><p>Level surveys are exclusively used for process control.</p></p>