<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Berg et al. (2009)<br>Christopher et al. (1990a)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary: </strong></p><p>Since RSS technologies are well established, the need for monitoring programs should be limited to cases in which new features or materials have been incorporated in the design, substantial post construction settlements are anticipated and/or construction rates require control, where degradation/corrosion rates of reinforcements are to be monitored (e.g., to allow use of marginal fills), or for asset management.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision </strong></p><p>Accuracy is reliant on the experience of the inspector.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage </strong></p><p>The important parameters that should be considered include horizontal and vertical movement of the surface, local movements or deterioration of the facing elements, drainage behaviors, stress distribution, lateral earth pressure, stress relaxation, porewater pressure and temperature change, and so on. It is required to measure all of the parameters to finish comprehensive monitoring program.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>Three steps involved herein, which contain the identification of unique design features, selection of cross-section of the simulated materials as representative to predict the behaviors as a whole, and finally, the prediction of comparative behaviors.</p><p><strong>General Comments </strong></p><p>Performance limited monitoring could be performed on all soil retaining projects. A comprehensive monitoring plan should be used for highly sensitive or unique applications, but the cost is often too costly to be not warranted for use on typical projects. Some form of a limited monitoring program is recommended for most RSS systems. Some agencies are using monitoring to support asset management of wall structures.</p></p>