<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Al-Qadi et al. (1996)<br>Collin et al. (1996)<br>Collins et al. (2005)<br>Holder et al. (2004)<br>Huntington et al. (1999)<br>Perkins (1999, 2002, 2009)<br>Webster (1992)<br>Christopher et al. (2010)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The falling weight deflectometer test and observations of pavement distress are the most common ways of ensuring that the constructed pavement section meets the desired level of performance. These are standardized test methods: FWD (ASTM 4694) and LFWD (ASTM E2583).</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>The FWD and LFWD are test measurements for determining the stiffness of the overall pavement system after the project is completed. The FWD and LFWD measurements are not a direct measure of the performance of a pavement system; however they can be used to back calculate the resilient modulus. Resilient modulus is used as a design input for both the Empirical and Mechanistic-Empirical Design Methods.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>Adequacy and coverage will depend on the frequency of tests.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>The FWD and LFWD tests are common and easy to implement.</p><p><strong>General Comments</strong></p><p>The FWD test is a common, easy to implement method of testing. It is typically used for quality assurance and evaluating completed pavement sections. For many of the full scale tests the FWD test was used to verify assumed stiffness, monitor performance over time, and to compare reinforced pavement sections to control unreinforced pavement systems. Resilient modulus can be back calculated from the FWD data.</p></p>