<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Cooley et al. (2007)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Tests conducted on the various RCA samples to assess their durability included in this study were Atterberg limits, sodium sulfate soundness, the New York Freeze-Thaw test, Los Angeles Abrasion and Impact, Micro-Deval, and a combination of the New York Freeze-Thaw and Micro-Deval tests.</p><p>Tests conducted to evaluate stability included the repeated load shear, resilient modulus, and CBR tests. Results from the analyses indicated three characteristics are important for the stability of RCA materials: gradation, angularity of particles, and cleanliness.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>The quality of recycled materials often varies depending on source and may need to be blended with conventional aggregates in order to meet typical strength requirements.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>Inadequate shear strength within the granular base layer allows lateral displacement of particles which results in a decreased thickness of the base layer within the wheel path. Also, inadequate support can increase tensile stresses within the slab under repeated wheel loads and result in longitudinal cracking.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>Results from this study as well as the experiences of other agencies suggest that recycled Portland cement concrete pavements are an acceptable alternative for granular pavement layers.</p><p><strong>General Comments</strong></p><p>The resilient modulus is useful in characterizing the stiffness of a granular material and provides the amount of recoverable strain due to a specific stress state.</p></p>