<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Burke et al. (2000a, 2000b)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Cone penetration tests can be used to verify the geometry of the finished columns. A good way to determine this is to perform a CPT at a distance 1.5 times the radius from the center of the column to create a base soil profile. CPTs should then be done at the estimated edge of the column and 1 foot inside and outside the estimated radius of the column.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Brill et al. (2003)<br>Bruce et al. (2001)<br>Burke et al. (2000a, 2000b, 2007b)<br>Maswoswe (2003)<br>Nicholson and Bruce (1996)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Cores of a specified number of columns are taken after the soilcrete has cured. This number is usually between 2 and 10% of the total number of columns.

<p><p><strong>FHWA Reference(s):<br></strong><em>Elias et al. (2006)</em><strong>Supporting Reference(s):<br></strong><em>Burke (2004)<br>Pelligrino and Bruce (1996)<br>Xanthakos et al. (1994)</em></p><p>When jet grouting is used for excavation support and underpinning, the most common column diameter is 1 meter with the high-strength single-fluid procedure.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):<br></strong><em>Meyers et al. (2004)</em></p><p>Starting values for column diameter and Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS) are determined with help from experienced engineers and specialty contractors based on the site soil characteristics and the contractor’s specific methodology. These values can be used in computations for slope stability (or other design problem) to determine the best quantity, diameter, depth, and locations for the jet grouted columns.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Burke (2007b)<br>Meyers et al. (2004)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The tops of columns can be exposed to verify the column geometry. Exposure of all test columns to the maximum safe depth possible is highly recommended.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Gularte et al. (2007)<br>Nicholson and Bruce (1996)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Ground settlement and heave measurements should be done at least daily and often more frequently, depending on the purpose and location of the jet grouting. Measurements should be taken near each column as it is being installed. This can be done by conventional surveying or by real-time, automated monitoring.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Burke et al. (2000a, 2000b)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The grout should be tested prior to construction to ensure it meets the specifications. In addition, several samples should be obtained daily and tested at different ages to ensure conformance to the specifications.

<p><p><figure id='attachment_3489' style='max-width:764px' class='caption aligncenter'><img class="wp-image-3489 size-full" src="https://www.geoinstitute.org/sites/default/files/geotech-tools-uploads/…; alt="Overhead photograph of project site at I-78 and Route 33 interchange in Easton and Bethlehem Pennsylvania where a jet grouting project was undertaken." width="764" height="450" /><figca