<p><p><h2>Preferred Design Procedure</h2>No specific design procedures for excavation and replacement were found as part of the literature review for this project. This lack of design procedures can be attributed to the excavation and replacement principle, which is to replace weak, undesirable soils with stronger, more desirable soils. The goal of excavation and replacement is that the replacement soils provide adequate strength and stability to support the embankment or structure to be constructed and reduce the settlement to tolerable levels. Although no explicit analyses are particular to excavation and replacement, geotechnical evaluation of bearing capacity, settlement, stability, and pavement foundation support are still required.</p></p>
<p><p><h2>References</h2>Brown, R.W. (Editor) (2001). Practical Foundation Engineering Handbook, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, Columbus, Ohio.</p><p>Christopher, B.R., Schwartz, C., and Boudreau, R. (2010). Geotechnical Aspects of Pavements, FHWA NHI-10-092, National Highway Institute, FHWA, Washington, D.C.</p><p>Holtz, R.D., Christopher, B.R. and Berg, R.R. (2008). Geosynthetic Design and Construction Guidelines, U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, National Highway Institute, Washington, D.C., FHWA-NHI-07-092.</p><p>Idriss, I.M. and Boulanger, R.W. (2008). Soil Liquefaction During Earthquakes, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute Monograph MNO-12, 235 pp.</p><p>Trenter, N.A. (2001). Earthworks: a guide, Thomas Telford Limited, London.</p><p>Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) (2010). Geotechnical Design Manual, M 46-03.01, January 2010.</p><p>Youd, T.L., Idriss, I.M., Andrus, R.D., Arango. I., Castro, G., Christian, J.T., Dobry, R., Finn, W.D.L., Harder, L.F., Hynes, M.E., Ishihara, K., Koester, J.P., Liao, S.S.C., Marcuson, W.F., Martin, G.R., Mitchell, J.K., Moriwaki, Y., Power, M.S., Robertson, P.K., Seed, R.B., and Stokoe, K.H. (2001). “Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils”, J. of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 127, No. 10, pp. 817 - 833. <a href="https://ascelibrary.org/doi/abs/10.1061/%28ASCE%291090-0241%282001%2912…;