<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Coastal Caisson Corp. (2009)<br>DGGT AK2.8 (2002)<br>Dumas et al. (2003)<br>Kannan (2007)<br>Scheller and Reitmeier (2000)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Load tests are used to determine capacity and settlement of CSV columns. Verification tests are conducted on the test columns to validate the design assumptions and provide an estimate of capacity and settlement for all columns. Verification tests are usually conducted to 200% of the design load. Proof tests are conducted on a specified percentage of production columns to confirm capacity and settlement predictions. Proof tests are conducted to 150% of the design load. In general, load testing should be conducted 7 to 14 days after installation to allow for sufficient curing time. Tests should be conducted in accordance with ASTM D-1143 and can be performed on single columns or groups. For some applications, specifications may require that the column be prepared by removing the mushroom shaped column head and placing a cement or epoxy filled form on top of the column, upon which the column should be load tested.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>Load tests provide a direct means of measuring capacity for a finite number of columns. The accuracy of the results when applied to columns that were not tested depends on the consistency of installation procedures, material properties, and subsurface conditions.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>It is only possible to conduct load tests on a small percentage of columns due to cost and time restrictions. However, it is assumed that with the same installation and soil parameters, untested columns will perform similarly.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>Load test equipment is readily available and is generally compact in nature resulting in ease of mobilization.</p><p><strong>General Comments</strong></p><p>Load tests are used to determine the axial capacity of CSV columns for embankment support and structural support applications. Horizontal or composite shear tests for evaluating shear strength of CSV reinforced slopes are not typically conducted on CSV columns, but could be used for certain applications.</p></p>