<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Bjerrum et al. (1967)<br>Lo et al. (2001b)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Ground elevation change or settlement is monitored periodically during electro-osmosis treatment and is more applicable for applications where rapid consolidation of soft or weak soils is required. This method provides a simple, yet effective, means to assess improvement due to electro-osmosis. Bjerrum et al. (1967) and Lo et al. (2001b) documented the use of settlement plates installed in the ground prior to electro-osmosis treatment and then periodically monitored to determine the changes in elevation by surveying the elevations. More advanced options for surveying include monitoring ground surface elevations using Global Positioning System (GPS), robotic total station, and Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) using an on-site reference point. Application of these testing methods on projects where electro-osmosis is implemented is not documented in the literature. Monitoring settlement with time provides important information about the consolidation process and can be used to determine when to terminate the treatment process.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>Accuracy and precision depends on the test method used. Robotic total station measurements have low measurement error compared to conventional tape measurements. Surveying settlement plates is a widely used method for settlement monitoring in geotechnical engineering practice.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>This depends on the number of settlement plates installed. Use of GPS, laser, or LIDAR surveying systems can provide much greater coverage.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>These tests are relatively easy and rapid to perform compared to other test methods. Using settlement plates and obtaining measurements using a tape measure does not require any special training. Use of GPS, robotic total station, and LIDAR require specialized equipment and some training.</p><p><strong>General Comments </strong></p><p>This method can be effective for both QC and QA.</p></p>