<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Schaefer et al. (2016)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary:</strong></p><p>Construction observation is an important QC/QA method for all lightweight fill projects to ensure proper placement and compaction of fill material. For wood fibers, shredded tires, or other fill materials where density testing is not possible, observations are vital to ensure proper compaction. Visual observations or measurements of the resiliency of the fill during compaction should be used to determine whether proper compaction has been achieved or if additional passes are necessary. Generally, observations should include measurement of lift thicknesses and the number of passes for each section.</p><p>According to Schaefer et al. (2016), for projects using geofoam, “<em>Observations of the placement of EPS blocks should be made to confirm that the blocks are placed without a continuous joint and that shear transfer plates are installed between successive lifts of the blocks. The geomembrane covering the blocks should also be measured to confirm thickness and complete enclosure of the blocks. The seams within the geomembrane should be sealed properly.”</em></p><p>According to Schaefer et al. (2016), for projects using cellular concrete, “<em>The lift thickness of each pour should be measured to ensure that it does not exceed the maximum specifications and to confirm there is sufficient hardening of one lift before the next lift is placed. The material must support foot traffic prior to casting subsequent lifts.”</em></p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>Construction observations to ensure proper compaction of fill materials are based on the engineer’s professional judgment, and the accuracy and precision of this method cannot be quantified.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>Observations should be conducted for the entire duration of the project and across the entire site.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>This method requires an engineer with experience and good judgment.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>General Comments</strong></p><p>For all applications, construction observations are important to ensure proper placement and compaction of lightweight fill materials.</p></p>