<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Holtz et al. (2008)<br>Paylor et al. (2008)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Settlement monitoring should be performed during construction. Settlement plates are the traditional means of monitoring settlement. Horizontal and vertical inclinometers can also be used to monitor vertical and horizontal deformations, respectively.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>The monitoring of settlement for construction over soft soils is a well-established procedure for embankment construction. This method does not provide an indication for the quality of the construction. Monitoring of lateral movement does indicate the effectiveness of the technology.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>State transportation departments typically identify the location and types of settlement monitoring systems to be utilized.</p><p><strong>Implementation Requirements </strong></p><p>Settlement plates are commonly used by all transportation departments. Inclinometers and/or survey markers to monitor lateral movement are also readily available to state transportation departments.</p><p><strong>General Comments</strong></p><p>Monitoring settlements is an essential part of monitoring construction of embankments over weak soils. For very soft foundation soils, lateral deformation monitoring should also be an important part of the monitoring program.</p></p>