Supporting Reference(s):
ACAA (2008)
Army and Air Force (1994)
Adaska and Luhr (2004)
Christopher et al. (2006)
Eades et al. (1969)
Glogowshi et al. (1992)
Little (1995)
National Lime Association (2000)
PCA (1992)
Qubain et al. (2000)
Thompson (1970)
TRB (1987)
Winterkorn and Pamukcu (1990)

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Qubain et al. (2006)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP) tests are used to assess the compaction improvement depth by comparing before and after stabilization results. DCP is generally used in a pavement foundation layer construction QA process and can measure soil properties up to about 2 meters. Difficulties with these test procedures are documented in the literature.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Qubain et al. (2006)<br>Vennapusa and White (2009)<br>White et al. (2005)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD), Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), and Clegg hammer tests fall under this category. LWD and FWD tests are performed by obtaining plate deflections under dynamic impulse loading.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Austroads (1998)<br>Little (1995)<br>Qubain et al. (2006)<br>PCA (1980)<br>TRB (1987)<br>White et al. (2005)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The nuclear gauge method is commonly used to determine compacted field density and moisture content of stabilized soil (ASTM D2922, D3017, and D6938; AASHTO T238 and T239).

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Army and Air Force (1994)<br>Austroads (1998)<br>TRB (1985)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Phenolphthalein is a color-sensitive indicator and is sprayed on soil to determine the presence of lime or cement in the field or laboratory (Army and Air Force 1994).

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p>Soil samples can be collected to conduct classification, index, strength, and modulus testing. It must be noted that strength and modulus testing conducted on laboratory compacted samples may result in different properties than field samples due to differences in stress conditions and soil structure. The following table provides a list of tests that can be performed on soil samples and their use for QC or QA.<br><h3>Table 3.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Austroads (1998)<br>Army and Air Force (1994)<br>Little (1995)<br>PCA (1980)<br>TRB (1987)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The spot and overall check method can be used for checking of the stabilizer application rate. Placing a tray or a mat of known area on the surface and weighing the quantity of stabilizing agent deposited on it after spreading can be used to verify the application rate.

<p><p><div><h2>Project Summary/Scope:</h2>A portion of Kentucky Route 11, located 11.7 km (7.3 miles) north of Beattyville, Kentucky, was about 9.6 km (6 miles) in length. Four types of chemical stabilization (Atmospheric Fluidized Bed Combustion (AFBC), cement, hydrated lime, multi-cone kiln dust) of subgrade were conducted on this portion of Route 11, which was divided into seven sections that consisted of one unstablized section and six chemical stabilized sections.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Vennapusa and White (2009)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Static Plate Load Tests (PLT) involve obtaining load versus deflection curves to determine modulus of subgrade reaction, soil elastic modulus, or soil bearing capacity. The test is conducted by increasing a static load on the soil and recording the corresponding plate deflections.

<p><p><strong>Reference(s):</strong></p><p><em>Army and Air Force (1994)<br>PCA (1980)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Trenches may be dug for visual inspection to evaluate depth and uniformity of mixing.

<p><p><div><h2>Project Summary/Scope:</h2>The Washington Dulles International Airport is located in Virginia. In order to continue servicing the needs of the public, new facilities were built at the airport under the project called Dulles Development (d²) Program. As part of the program, 3,048 meters (10,000 feet) of runway was reconstructed with Portland cement concrete.