<p><p><h2>Commentary</h2>Sand Compaction Piles (SCP) have not been utilized on a transportation project in the U.S. SCPs have been utilized on private project within the U.S. SCP costs are captured in a contract bid item which is measured by the lineal foot (LF). Included in this bid item are the material, equipment, labor, and incidentals to construct a sand compaction pile. Mobilization associated with the installation of sand compaction piles may be measured and paid for separately.</p><p>The typical design diameter of SCPs in Japan is 2.3 feet.

<p><p><figure id='attachment_2624' style='max-width:572px' class='caption aligncenter'><img class="wp-image-2624 size-full" src="https://www.geoinstitute.org/sites/default/files/geotech-tools-uploads/…; alt="Schematics of the construction sequence for Sand Compaction Piles." width="572" height="326" /><figcaption class='caption-text'> Construction Sequence for Sand Compaction P

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Kitazume (2005)<br>Murakami et al. (2006)<br>SHRP 2-Phase I Technology Assessment</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>ASTM D 422 provides a standardized procedure for determining soil particle size distribution.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Kitazume (2005)<br>Murakami et al.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Sheu et al. (1986)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) method is a non-destructive, in-situ measurement of the shear wave velocity. Geophones and a wave propagation source are placed on the site’s surface. The time is evaluated for the direct, reflected, and refracted surface waves to arrive to the geophone from the source. A shear wave velocity profile is generated from this information.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Aboshi et al. (1991)<br>Barksdale (1987)<br>Kitazume (2005)<br>Kuroda and Kanada (1983)<br>SHRP 2-Phase I Technology Assessment</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) is a field method to indirectly measure the soil strength and obtain disturbed samples. The test is performed by hammering a standard “split-spoon” sampler into the ground in three six-inch increments.

<p><p><strong>References:<br></strong><em>Kitazume (2005)</em></p><p><strong>Method Summary</strong></p><p>Heaving of the ground surface can be monitored through regular surveying during construction.</p><p><strong>Accuracy and Precision</strong></p><p>Surveying is a highly accurate and precise procedure.</p><p><strong>Adequacy of Coverage</strong></p><p>Surveying can cover a large area in a short amount of time.</p><p><strong&g